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The National Academy of Sciences has issued a new report urging policymakers to overhaul the U.S. immigration system to retain top talent.

The report, prepared by a committee of scientists, professors, and national security experts, recommends that Congress increase the number of employment-based green cards, eliminate per-country caps on high-skilled immigrant visas, and boost the domestic pipeline in science and engineering fields.

Commissioned by the Defense Department in response to a Congressional directive, the report highlights the intense global competition for high-skilled labor.

It warns that talent programs in countries like China, which have more flexible immigration policies, are posing a significant threat to America’s ability to attract and retain skilled foreign-born scientists and engineers.

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