September 11 in New York: Memory, Mourning, and the Enduring Legacy

September 11 in New York: Memory, Mourning, and the Enduring Legacy

By: Janet Howard Each year, September 11 is etched into the collective memory of New York City and the nation. What began as an ordinary morning in 2001 transformed into one of the most devastating days in U.S. history when coordinated terrorist attacks claimed nearly 3,000 lives, most of them in New York. Today, more […]

The Systematic Destruction of the Black Man in America: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis

The Systematic Destruction of the Black Man in America: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis

By Xavier Figeroux, Brian Figeroux, Jr. and Michael Figeroux The history of the United States is deeply intertwined with the oppression and destruction of Black men, a process that has been deliberately and systematically implemented by the white ruling class. From slavery to Jim Crow, from the war on drugs to mass incarceration, the targeted […]

Who Is an American? A Historical and Ideological Analysis

Who Is an American?  A Historical and Ideological Analysis

By Esther Claudette Gittens Introduction The question of “Who is an American?” has been central to the nation’s identity since its founding. From the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed that “all men are created equal,” to modern debates about immigration, race, and national identity, the definition of who belongs in America has been contested and […]

How the First Pilgrims and the Puritans Differed in their Views on Religion and Respect for Native Americans

How the First Pilgrims and the Puritans Differed in their Views on Religion and Respect for Native Americans

By theconversation.com, Michael Carrafiello | Editorial credit: EvgeniiAnd / shutterstock.com  Every November, numerous articles recount the arrival of 17th-century English Pilgrims and Puritans and their quest for religious freedom. Stories are told about the founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony and the celebration of the first Thanksgiving feast. In the popular mind, the two groups are […]