Ethiopia is one of the world’s oldest civilizations, home to more than 80 ethnic groups—including Oromo, Amhara, Tigrayan, Somali, Afar, Sidama—with over 90 languages and 200 dialects. Amharic is the federal official language, used for legislation and administration, while English is the primary language of secondary and tertiary education. Regional states also recognize languages like […]
Egypt is the cradle of civilization, with over 5,000 years of documented cultural heritage—from the pyramids and hieroglyphs to Alexandria’s intellectual legacy. It has historically influenced Europe, Africa, and Asia through art, religion, science, and literature. Modern Egyptian culture features iconic music genres like Arabic pop, shaabi, and belly dance (raqs sharqi), and a dominant […]
Chad is a vast, landlocked country of approximately 19 million people (2024 estimate), spanning Saharan north to fertile southern savannas with over 200 ethnic groups and 120+ indigenous languages. Two official languages—French and Modern Standard Arabic—are used in government and formal education. Chadian Arabic (Shuwa Arabic), spoken by 40–60% of Chadians, serves as the main lingua […]