Editorial credit: DemarK / Shutterstock.com Mali, a landlocked nation in West Africa, is steeped in history and cultural pride. Once the heart of the Mali Empire, one of the wealthiest and most influential precolonial African civilizations, modern Mali remains rich in heritage, natural resources, and entrepreneurial promise. Despite facing political and security challenges, Mali offers […]
Chad is a vast, landlocked country of approximately 19 million people (2024 estimate), spanning Saharan north to fertile southern savannas with over 200 ethnic groups and 120+ indigenous languages. Two official languages—French and Modern Standard Arabic—are used in government and formal education. Chadian Arabic (Shuwa Arabic), spoken by 40–60% of Chadians, serves as the main lingua […]
